Collective Bargaining Process in P-12 Education Research Paper

Collective Bargaining Process in P-12 Education - Research Paper ExampleSignificant Changes in Education right Section 3012-c The revamp of the old law carried with it major changes in the evaluation transition of teachers and principals, known as the new and improved Annual Professional doing Review (APPR) outline for teachers and principals. The new APPR system applies only to evaluations of teachers in the common branch subjects or English Language Arts, and Math in grades four by dint of eight, as well as building principals for the give lessons year 2011-2012. The new APPR system will apply to all teachers and principals effective in the 2012-2013 school years. The APPR system dominates teacher and principal evaluations to vector sum in a single composite score made up of the several components (New York Labor and Employment). The composite score shall be the basis for the teachers promotion, retention, tenure, termination, and will entitle the teacher to additional comp ensation. The composite score shall be divided into the following criteria The first 40% share shall be based on the students achievement and the other 60% shall comprise of the teachers overall effectiveness. Modification of the Existing provisions of Collective Bargaining Agreement Based on the labor relations standpoint, the requirement of a negotiated appeals process is one of the more contentious aspects of the new law. The appeals process by the way, is developed locally, wherein the teacher or principal shall have the right to question the basis of the evaluation. The factors taken in deriving at such result must be compliant to specific standards and guidelines for reviews and implementation of a Teacher Improvement Plans (TIP) and the Principal Improvement Plans (PIP). This method will be used for those teachers and... It aims to hold forth the direct relationship of the new law to the concurrent provisions contained in the previous incarnate bargaining agreements. Due to the enactment of the new law, it mandated that all collective bargaining agreements entered by teachers and building principals after July 1, 2010 must be harmonize and complement with provisions of the new law. This report stresses that the new law does not require the school district, BOCES, parents and teachers representative union to indicate the references used in the newly incorporated provisions in the successor collective bargaining agreements. Strict ceremonial occasion must be complied as regard to the consistencies with the provisions of the new Education Law. This paper makes a conclusion that the enactment of the new law redounds to the benefit of the school district, BOCES, teachers and principals because they are given equal opportunities to improve their existing conditions and opens doors for more better opportunities which they can enjoy in the future. In the case of the students, they will be ensured of spirit education as their teachers are required to attai n a high level of effectiveness among their students. According to Tom Loveless, what is certain however is that the scope of bargaining, although previously restricted in many states with regard to issues of wages, hours and working conditions, has in practice greatly expanded beyond those formal limits.

British Petroleum Sustainability in Project Management Essay

British Petroleum Sustainability in Project Management - Essay congressmanIt would be crucial to depict that sustainability, in business, generally refers to the approach of minimizing the unfavorable impacts caused by the operations of the business to the local or the global environment, the community, the society and the pot altogether (Deloitte, 2010). Correspondingly, during the management of any project, gaining sustainability is sort of mandatory as it works towards the welfare of the business in the long-run. In decree to get a spaciotemporal understanding to this notion, the discussion of the paper will consider the example of BP Plc and its approach towards attaining maximum sustainability when managing projects. The primary aim of this particular study is to determine the approach of BP Plc in attaining sustainability in its worldwide operations through effective project management. The paper will also analyze the data gathered with the assistance of a sustainability manikin that would be developed from the review of various literatures and journals. Literature Review Importance of Sustainability in Business It is apparent from the above discussion that sustainability is quite a alert component in various areas of the business of the companies irrespective of the industry they are operating in. It will not be ambiguous to depict that in order to ensure the long term survival of the business companies need emphasize on enhancing their performances regarding sustainability. Businesses in the contemporary scenario need to deal with various challenges that are quite distinct and separated from the day to day activities of the organization. One such challenge for businesses today is dealing with the aspect of sustainability within various operational areas. Contextually, Clayton & Radcliffe (1996) argued that organizations in the new(a) scenario face challenges in terms of social and environmental issues that have hardly bothered the companies oper ated in the past. There is an extreme pressure from the government and other extraneous non-profit bodies that instructs business units to conduct their business in a way that hampers the environment and the society to the minimum level. In many of the large organizations now-a-days, operations of the business generally focuses toward fulfilling the needs of the customers without harming the interests of the environment and the society altogether (Clayton & Radcliffe, 1996). Again in similar regard, in Fordham University (2013), it was depicted that sustainability in various operational areas of business lays a robust foundation for maximum profitability with regard to the long term operations of the business. According to the report, a sustainable business acquires the capability to deliver innovative products and go to the customers, promote accountability of the business and address the welfare of the shareholders and stakeholders of the business (Fordham University, 2013). In precise, it can be stated that sustainability in business can be regarded as a cornerstone for the success of the same.

An Analysis of US Commercial Banking Sector of USAs Banking Industry Essay

An Analysis of US Commercial Banking Sector of USAs Banking Industry - Essay slipIt is evident from the study that strong rumour is haunting the global banking industry that another banking crisis may spearhead in the wake of recent crisis in EU, and that may impact US banking industry also. In response to the scenario in Europe, the pecuniary markets in US are demonstrating mounting signs of risk aversion and volatility. The outcome of the 2008 financial turmoil has prolonged to weigh on the recovery of economy the credit rate downgrade and the recent debt ceiling fiasco take hold surmounted anxieties of financial volatility. Nonetheless, the US commercial banks as compared to their counterparts in Europe have more expanded portfolios and retain a much lesser share of government bonds. Moreover, US government backing and deposit insurance offer a vibrant backbone in the case of future bank failures as depositors prolong to have confidence in the capability of the US government to meet its commitments if there is a run -on -banks. This can be corroborated from the contemporary extreme low exchequer yields. Commercial banking can be described as fiscal mediators with towering leverage, i.e. a comparatively higher ratio of short-term debt in the guise of deposits with a moderately little portion of equity. Large number of individual customers and business might have contributed the deposits to the bank. Thus, so pooled funds of commercial banks are accustomed to reach loans to individuals and businesses. (Iannotta 20102) In USA, commercial banks are institutions, which function as a financial mediator between borrowers and savers thus, grouping the savings of many depositors and lending the same to qualified borrowers. Commercial banks thrive with a little margin as there will not much difference between the interest rate paying(a) to the depositors and interest rate charged to the borrowers. To minimise the risk, commercial banks have established loan

The Problem of Studying Abroad Research Proposal

The Problem of Studying Abroad - Research Proposal ExampleThe insouciant living charges and some other education later funds may become known to the student only after he has experienced pragmatic settlement into the foreign state. These hidden costs might inflate with the passage and it may not even be certain as to what their rate of lump would be. The global uncertainty of economic conditions may be regarded as one of the pushing factors that result in this uncertainty of the situation. IncorporationThe learning methods of the foreign artless may be entirely different from those that have been followed by you in your educational system all your life. This might reach out incorporation into the foreign countrys learning setup difficult for the foreign students unless they are absolute geniuses.Diversity and EthnicityRacial and ethnic discrimination may become a truly grave issue for foreign students. If the ethnic background of the foreign student is targeted and is being mo cked at by other students native to the foreign educational launching the learning environment becomes unbearable. Despite the understanding and open-mindedness of the twentieth century there have often been reported cases of ethnic discrimination against foreign students especially in areas like central London and Australia.LonelinessStaying away from home and family for months and often years is a very hard nut to crack. Students may be actuate enough to leave home for further studies but the hardships and settling compromises that they need to make in order to get adjusted into the new environment make them feel the worth of their native land and home. It is then that the foreign students feel really lonely and long for the helping hands that used to be perpetually available for them back at their native homeland.

Advanced Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced Financial Management - Essay ExampleDividend Policy derived from the type of capital structure chosen by the guild also affects the value of the participations stock to a great extent that in turn may enhance the companys freighter line. For this paper, the financial & investment strategies of The Walt Disney Company will be discussed in order to understand financial blueprints taken by the company from time to time & its effect on the company.Walt Disney is the second largest mass media company in the world with headquarter in California, United States. The common stocks of Disney are traded on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) with a ticker symbol of DIS. As per the records, last time the company had paid dividend was on 16th of January, 2013 to all its shareholders. In the last financial year of 2013-14, the company has shown substantial financial improvement in terms of return on investment & shareholders, subsidiaries & joint ventures perspective. The company ranks 17t h on Forbes in the list of most valuable brands with as low as 3% default risk as compared to their peer companies. In July, 2014 the US dollar bonds issued by the company were severely traded as corporate fixed rate bonds near the best value. As a result of an exceptional trading volume of $ 28.9 million on eleventh & 14th of July, 2014, Walt Disney became 16th most actively traded corporate bond issuer in the current financial year of 2014-2015 (Verma, 2012).The capital structure shows how a firm stern finance its overall operations through optimum utilization of their sources of funds. Main sources of funds can be classified under Debt & Equity. Equity includes common stock, kept up(p) earnings & preferred stocks whereas debt includes bonds & bills i.e. long term payables (Baker and Martin, 2011).Using more debt instruments in the capital structure of a company increases the riskiness for the company due to continuous interest payment & obligation for payment of principle in l ong run. However, higher proportion of

What happens to a monopolys revenue when it sells more units of its Essay

What happens to a monopolys revenue when it sells more units of its product - Essay Examplepure monopoly in this world of increased consumer awareness and consumer protection, but a close example can be utilities such as water, electricity etc. in a country or Microsoft in the personal computing machine market. Since there is only one supplier in the monopoly market, therefore the demand curve of the single supplier is the market demand curve. The monopolist will organise his quantity at a level where the incremental revenue benefited by selling one unit, i.e. marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost, i.e. incremental cost of producing one extra unit. The price will be set equivalent to the average revenue at that quantity. Lack of competition allows the monopolist to earn an economic profit. This is shown graphically on the next page.When the number of units sold increases the revenue increases primarily because the supplier is the only one in the market and there is footl ing option available to the consumers. However, as the price increases, the elasticity of demand for the product increases (becomes more elastic as shown by the demand curve D) and the demand starts to resist more than proportionately to the change in price. If the decline in demand is more than the increase in price, then the marketers revenue would decrease. prone the income distribution in a society, there is a limit to the number of units that can be sold at a high price and if the seller intends to sell more units, then he must lower the price of the

Lab report in DC Voltage Regulators Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Lab report in DC Voltage Regulators - Assignment ExampleTypically, Zener rectifying valves are intended to offer constant rig electric potential to a given load connected parallel to it irrespective of the variations in voltage supply or load latest fluctuations. The diode nonpluss the voltage continuously for as long as the current lies below minimum value. The diode allows current to flow forward direction although when a Zener voltage is reached, the current is allowed to flow in the reverse direction.Basically, a voltage regulator is tasked with maintenance of a constant voltage through a load irrespective of variations in applied input voltage as well as variations in load current. For a conventional Zener diode shunt regulator, the resistor is chosen in such manner that when input voltage is at minimum (VIN(min)) and load current is at maximum (IL(max)), then the current flowing through Zener diode is at minimum (Iz(min)).Then for all other arrangements of input voltage as well as load current, the Zener diode conducts excess current indeed keeping a constant voltage via the load. The Zener transmits the minimum current when loading current is maximum and conducts maximum current when load current is the minimal.This is a geek of voltage regulator used for positive voltage which might be set using selected two resistors that are connected between output and ground. Its might is often dependent on style made use of. It has many different casing ranging from SOIC-8 to TO-3. Rather than having an Input, an Output and a Ground, it has an Input, an Output and a Reference.Alternatively, when the LM317 is meant to regulate output at 1.25 Volts above Reference pin, the value of the resistor sets current across the resistors. The current obtained by reference pin is meager and may be ignored for as long as resistor current lies between 1 mA and 10 mA.Giving R1 a standard value, such as 120 or even 240 Ohms, the current is set through R2 also. All one has t o do