Wednesday, May 29, 2019

mind vs machine :: essays research papers

In 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft in her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman posed the question, "In what does mans pre-eminence over the brute groundwork consist?" She answers, "In reason and virtue by which mankind can attain a degree of knowledge." Today, no one would argue that man and cleaning woman are not intellectually equal, or that humans take a crap a superior intellectual capacity over the brute creation, but what would they say active humankind versus the machine? We have always felt ourselves superior to animals by our ability to reason -- "to form conclusions, judgments, or inferences from facts or premises"(Random House Dictionary). Philosophers have argued for centuries about what defines reason, now on the dawn of the 21st century this age old question must be revisited. Since the ENIAC, the first mainframe, hummed to life in 1946, the chasm amidst humankind and machine has appeared to dwindle. Computers have insinuated themselves into the lives of millions of people, taking over the performance of mundane and repetitive tasks. With the constant improvement of computer technology, todays super-computers can outperform the combined head power of thousands of humans. These machines are so powerful that they can store an essay sixteen billion times longer than this one in active memory. With the growth of artificial intelligence software, computers can not only perform tasks at remarkable speed, but can "learn" to respond to situations based on dissimilar input. Can these machines ever procure "reason and virtue," or are they simply calculators on steroids? We have now reached the point where we must redefine what constitutes reason in the 21st century. On the intellectual battlefield, in February 1996, thirty-two darnel pieces, represented the most recent challenge to the belief that thought is exclusive to humans. Kasparov, the world chess champion, faced off against one of IBMs finest supercompu ters, Deep Blue. Chess, a game of logic and reason, would be a perfect test of a computers ability to "think." In the breeding Age battle of David vs. Goliath, the machine clearly had the advantage. Deep Blue is capable of playing out 50- 100 billion positions in the three minutes dish out per turn. Nonetheless, the silicon brain was no match for the cunning intellect of the human mind. Deep Blue lacked the ability to anticipate the moves that Kasparov would make. In preparation for the game, Kasparov adapted a strategy of play unique to the computer.

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